Global Cell Phone Tracking: Law, Technology, and Challenges

The provided sources comprehensively explore the various methods and complex legal frameworks governing law enforcement's use of cell phone location tracking globally. They detail core technologies like network-based techniques, satellite systems (GNSS), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and IMSI catchers, outlining their respective accuracies and limitations. The texts further examine the diverse channels through which law enforcement acquires this data, including mobile network operators, device manufacturers, third-party apps, and direct forensic examination. Crucially, the sources highlight the significant legal and ethical challenges posed by balancing investigative needs with individual privacy rights, particularly concerning cross-border data access and the role of oversight bodies.